Computer History

The first computers were people. The earlier mechanical computers. Electronic computers were given this name because they performed the work that had previously been assigned to people. It was used to describe those human beings whose job it was to perform the repetitive calculations required to compute such things as navigational tables, tide charts, and planetary positions for astronomical almanacs. Imagine you had a job where hour after hour, day after day, you were to do nothing but compute multiplications. Boredom would leading to carelessness,quickly set in, leading to mistakes. And even on your best days you wouldn't be producing answers very fast. Therefore, inventors have been searching for hundreds of years for a way to mechanize this task.

Some history date and inverter name are follow:

1. The oldest ABACUS was used in 300 B.C. by Babylonians.The abacus is still in use today.
2. In 1617 an eccentric Scotsman named John Napier invented LOGARITHMS. Napier also invented an ALTERNATIVE TO TABLE. The logarithm values were carved on ivory sticks which are now called NAPIER'S BONES.
3. CALCULATING CLOCK was invented by German professor Wilhelm Schickard in 1623.
4. In 1642 Blaise Pascal, at age 19, invented the PASCALINE.
5. In 1801 the Frenchman Joseph Marie Jacquard invented PUNCHED CARD.
6. In 1822 the English mathematician Charles Babbage invented DIFFERENCE ENGINE and ANALYTIC ENGINE
7. Hollerith invention known as the HOLLERITH DESK.

There are many inverter in computer history some are given up.

computer game

A personal computer game is a game played on a personal computer, rather than on a video game console or arcade machine. Computer games have evolved from the simple graphics and gameplay of early titles like Spacewar, to a wide range of more visually advanced titles.

PC games are created by one or more game developers, often in conjunction with other specialists and either published independently or through a third party publisher. They may then be distributed on physical media such as DVDs and CDs, as Internet-downloadable, possibly freely redistributable, software, or through online delivery services such as Direct2Drive and Steam. PC games often require specialized hardware in the user's computer in order to play, such as a specific generation of graphics processing unit or an Internet connection for online play, although these system requirements vary from game to game.

Antivirus software

Antivirus software is used to prevent, detect, and remove malware, including computer viruses, worms, and trojan horses. Such programs may also prevent and remove adware, spyware, and other forms of malware.
A variety of strategies are typically employed. Signature-based detection involves searching for known malicious patterns in executable code. However, it is possible for a user to be infected with new malware for which no signature exists yet. To counter such so-called zero-day threats, heuristics can be used. One type of heuristic approach, generic signatures, can identify new viruses or variants of existing viruses by looking for known malicious code in files. Some antivirus software can also predict what a file will do if opened/run by emulating it in a sandbox and analyzing what it does to see if it performs any malicious actions. If it does, this could mean the file is malicious.

Internet

The internet is a worldwide public network of computers on which people can join and use multiple services such as sharing of information. The World Wide Web (WWW) is one of the major services of the internet who hosts information of almost about anything one might like to search. Search engines are being used to browse through the available sources of information. It can make discovering of information an easy to use game. The internet offers communication services where people can use to conduct friends and family that may live in a different country. Chat rooms is the most common way for communication through which people have the chance to communicate with other people that have never met before, or that live in different countries.

E-mails are another form for communicating with family and friends and have now replaced the traditional hand-written letters. Social networking sites are websites that offer people the chance to create a profile for themselves, describing likes and dislikes and the expectations of a person from other people. The purpose of these sites is to enable members to meet other members for relationships, friendships or just simple acquaintanceships. Lastly, the internet can offer services for downloading. Downloading on the computer might include music, movies and programs.

Computer viruses

Computer viruses are small software programs that are designed to spread from one computer to another.A virus might corrupt or delete data on your computer. It is use your e-mail program to spread itself to other computers, or even erase everything on your hard disk.
Viruses are most easily spread by attachments in e-mail messages or instant messaging messages. Viruses can be disguised as attachments of funny images, greeting cards, or audio and video files.

Viruses also spread through downloads on the Internet. They can be hidden in illicit software or other files or programs you might download.To help avoid viruses, it's essential that you keep your computer current with the latest updates and antivirus tools, stay informed about recent threats, and that you follow a few basic rules when you surf the Internet, download files, and open attachments.Computer virusesComputer viruses

Once a virus is on your computer, its type or the method it used to get there is not as important as removing it and preventing further infection.

Computer Software

Software is a generic term for organized collections of computer data and instructions. There are two major categories: system software that provides the basic non-task-specific functions of the computer, and application software which is used by users to accomplish specific tasks.Define one software.


System software is responsible for controlling, integrating, and managing the individual hardware components of a computer system so that other software and the users of the system see it as a functional unit without having to be concerned with the low-level details such as transferring data from memory to disk, or rendering text onto a display. Generally, system software consists of an operating system and some fundamental utilities such as disk formatters, file managers, display managers, text editors, user authentication (login) and management tools, and networking and device control software.


Software is created with programming languages and related utilities, which may come in several forms. Single programs like script interpreters, packages containing a compiler, linker, and other tools; and large suites (often called Integrated Development Environments) that include editors, debuggers, and other tools for multiple languages.

CPU

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) or the processor is the portion of a computer system that carries out the instructions of a computer program, and is the primary element carrying out the computer's functions. This term has been in use in the computer industry at least since the early 1960s [1]. The form, design and implementation of CPUs have changed dramatically since the earliest examples, but their fundamental operation remains much the same.
Early CPUs were custom-designed as a part of a larger, sometimes one-of-a-kind, computer. However, this costly method of designing custom CPUs for a particular application has largely given way to the development of mass-produced processors that are made for one or many purposes. This standardization trend generally began in the era of discrete transistor mainframes and minicomputers and has rapidly accelerated with the popularization of the integrated circuit (IC). The IC has allowed increasingly complex CPUs to be designed and manufactured to tolerances on the order of nanometers. Both the miniaturization and standardization of CPUs have increased the presence of these digital devices in modern life far beyond the limited application of dedicated computing machines. Modern microprocessors appear in everything from automobiles to cell phones and children's toys.

computer hardware

Your PC (Personal Computer) is a system, consisting of many components. Some of those components, like Windows XP, and all your other programs, are software. The stuff you can actually see and touch, and would likely break if you threw it out a fifth-story window, is hardware.
Not everybody has exactly the same hardware. But those of you who have a desktop system, like the example shown in Figure 1, probably have most of the components shown in that same figure. Those of you with notebook computers probably have most of the same components. Only in your case the components are all integrated into a single book-sized portable unit.The system unit is the actual computer; everything else is called a peripheral device. Your computer's system unit probably has at least one floppy disk drive, and one CD or DVD drive, into which you can insert floppy disks and CDs. There's another disk drive, called the hard disk inside the system unit, as shown in Figure 2. You can't remove that disk, or even see it. But it's there. And everything that's currently "in your computer" is actually stored on that hard disk. (We know this because there is no place else inside the computer where you can store information!).
The floppy drive and CD drive are often referred to as drives with removable media or removable drives for short, because you can remove whatever disk is currently in the drive, and replace it with another. Your computer's hard disk can store as much information as tens of thousands of floppy disks, so don't worry about running out of space on your hard disk any time soon. As a rule, you want to store everything you create or download on your hard disk. Use the floppy disks and CDs to send copies of files through the mail, or to make backup copies of important items.

computer

A programmable machine. The two principal characteristics of a computer. One is it responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner. Another is it can execute a prerecorded list of instructions. Modern computers are electronic and digital. The actual machinery wires, transistors, and circuits is called hardware. The instructions and data are called software.

All general-purpose computers require the following hardware components:

memory :A computer to store, at least temporarily, data and programs. mass storage

Device : Allows a computer to permanently retain large amounts of data. Common mass storage devices include disk drives and tape drives.

Input device : Usually a keyboard and mouse, the input device is the conduit through which data and instructions enter a computer.

Output device : A display screen, printer, or other device that lets you see what the computer has accomplished.

Central processing unit (CPU): The heart of the computer, this is the component that actually executes instructions. In addition to these components, many others make it possible for the basic components to work together efficiently. For example, every computer requires a bus that transmits data from one part of the computer to another.